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                <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"> [Python3网络爬虫开发实战] 5.3.2-Redis存储 </h1>
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                <p>Redis是一个基于内存的高效的键值型非关系型数据库，存取效率极高，而且支持多种存储数据结构，使用也非常简单。本节中，我们就来介绍一下Python的Redis操作，主要介绍RedisPy这个库的用法。</p>
                <h2 id="1-准备工作"><a href="#1-准备工作" class="headerlink" title="1. 准备工作"></a>1. 准备工作</h2>
                <p>在开始之前，请确保已经安装好了Redis及RedisPy库。如果要做数据导入/导出操作的话，还需要安装RedisDump。如果没有安装，可以参考第1章。</p>
                <h2 id="2-Redis和StrictRedis"><a href="#2-Redis和StrictRedis" class="headerlink" title="2. Redis和StrictRedis"></a>2. <code>Redis</code>和<code>StrictRedis</code></h2>
                <p>RedisPy库提供两个类<code>Redis</code>和<code>StrictRedis</code>来实现Redis的命令操作。</p>
                <p><code>StrictRedis</code>实现了绝大部分官方的命令，参数也一一对应，比如<code>set()</code>方法就对应Redis命令的<code>set</code>方法。而<code>Redis</code>是<code>StrictRedis</code>的子类，它的主要功能是用于向后兼容旧版本库里的几个方法。为了做兼容，它将方法做了改写，比如<code>lrem()</code>方法就将<code>value</code>和<code>num</code>参数的位置互换，这和Redis命令行的命令参数不一致。</p>
                <p>官方推荐使用<code>StrictRedis</code>，所以本节中我们也用<code>StrictRedis类</code>的相关方法作演示。</p>
                <h2 id="3-连接Redis"><a href="#3-连接Redis" class="headerlink" title="3. 连接Redis"></a>3. 连接Redis</h2>
                <p>现在我们已经在本地安装了Redis并运行在6379端口，密码设置为foobared。那么，可以用如下示例连接Redis并测试：</p>
                <figure class="highlight routeros">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> redis import StrictRedis</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">redis = StrictRedis(<span class="attribute">host</span>=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="attribute">port</span>=6379, <span class="attribute">db</span>=0, <span class="attribute">password</span>=<span class="string">'foobared'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">redis.<span class="builtin-name">set</span>(<span class="string">'name'</span>, <span class="string">'Bob'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">print</span>(redis.<span class="builtin-name">get</span>(<span class="string">'name'</span>))</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这里我们传入了Redis的地址、运行端口、使用的数据库和密码信息。在默认不传的情况下，这4个参数分别为<code>localhost</code>、<code>6379</code>、<code>0</code>和<code>None</code>。首先声明了一个<code>StrictRedis</code>对象，接下来调用<code>set()</code>方法，设置一个键值对，然后将其获取并打印。</p>
                <p>运行结果如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight 1c">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">b'Bob'</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这说明我们连接成功，并可以执行<code>set()</code>和<code>get()</code>操作了。</p>
                <p>当然，我们还可以使用<code>ConnectionPool</code>来连接，示例如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight routeros">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> redis import StrictRedis, ConnectionPool</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pool = ConnectionPool(<span class="attribute">host</span>=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="attribute">port</span>=6379, <span class="attribute">db</span>=0, <span class="attribute">password</span>=<span class="string">'foobared'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">redis = StrictRedis(<span class="attribute">connection_pool</span>=pool)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这样的连接效果是一样的。观察源码可以发现，<code>StrictRedis</code>内其实就是用<code>host</code>和<code>port</code>等参数又构造了一个<code>ConnectionPool</code>，所以直接将<code>ConnectionPool</code>当作参数传给<code>StrictRedis</code>也一样。</p>
                <p>另外，<code>ConnectionPool</code>还支持通过URL来构建。URL的格式支持有如下3种：</p>
                <figure class="highlight dts">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="symbol">redis:</span><span class="comment">//[:password]@host:port/db</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">rediss:</span><span class="comment">//[:password]@host:port/db</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">unix:</span><span class="comment">//[:password]@/path/to/socket.sock?db=db</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这3种URL分别表示创建Redis TCP连接、Redis TCP+SSL连接、Redis UNIX socket连接。我们只需要构造上面任意一种URL即可，其中<code>password</code>部分如果有则可以写，没有则可以省略。下面再用URL连接演示一下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight routeros">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">url = <span class="string">'redis://:foobared@localhost:6379/0'</span></span><br><span class="line">pool = ConnectionPool.from_url(url)</span><br><span class="line">redis = StrictRedis(<span class="attribute">connection_pool</span>=pool)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这里我们使用第一种连接字符串进行连接。首先，声明一个Redis连接字符串，然后调用<code>from_url()</code>方法创建<code>ConnectionPool</code>，接着将其传给<code>StrictRedis</code>即可完成连接，所以使用URL的连接方式还是比较方便的。</p>
                <h2 id="4-键操作"><a href="#4-键操作" class="headerlink" title="4. 键操作"></a>4. 键操作</h2>
                <p>表5-5总结了键的一些判断和操作方法。</p>
                <p>表5-5 键的一些判断和操作方法</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>exists(name)</code></p>
                <p>判断一个键是否存在</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.exists(&#39;name&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>是否存在<code>name</code>这个键</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>delete(name)</code></p>
                <p>删除一个键</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.delete(&#39;name&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>删除<code>name</code>这个键</p>
                <p>1</p>
                <p><code>type(name)</code></p>
                <p>判断键类型</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.type(&#39;name&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>判断<code>name</code>这个键类型</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;string&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>keys(pattern)</code></p>
                <p>获取所有符合规则的键</p>
                <p><code>pattern</code>：匹配规则</p>
                <p><code>redis.keys(&#39;n*&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>获取所有以<code>n</code>开头的键</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;name&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>randomkey()</code></p>
                <p>获取随机的一个键</p>
                <p><code>randomkey()</code></p>
                <p>获取随机的一个键</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;name&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>rename(src, dst)</code></p>
                <p>重命名键</p>
                <p><code>src</code>：原键名；<code>dst</code>：新键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.rename(&#39;name&#39;, &#39;nickname&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>将<code>name</code>重命名为<code>nickname</code></p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>dbsize()</code></p>
                <p>获取当前数据库中键的数目</p>
                <p><code>dbsize()</code></p>
                <p>获取当前数据库中键的数目</p>
                <p>100</p>
                <p><code>expire(name, time)</code></p>
                <p>设定键的过期时间，单位为秒</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>time</code>：秒数</p>
                <p><code>redis.expire(&#39;name&#39;, 2)</code></p>
                <p>将<code>name</code>键的过期时间设置为2秒</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>ttl(name)</code></p>
                <p>获取键的过期时间，单位为秒，-1表示永久不过期</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.ttl(&#39;name&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>获取<code>name</code>这个键的过期时间</p>
                <p>-1</p>
                <p><code>move(name, db)</code></p>
                <p>将键移动到其他数据库</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>db</code>：数据库代号</p>
                <p><code>move(&#39;name&#39;, 2)</code></p>
                <p>将<code>name</code>移动到2号数据库</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>flushdb()</code></p>
                <p>删除当前选择数据库中的所有键</p>
                <p><code>flushdb()</code></p>
                <p>删除当前选择数据库中的所有键</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>flushall()</code></p>
                <p>删除所有数据库中的所有键</p>
                <p><code>flushall()</code></p>
                <p>删除所有数据库中的所有键</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <h2 id="5-字符串操作"><a href="#5-字符串操作" class="headerlink" title="5. 字符串操作"></a>5. 字符串操作</h2>
                <p>Redis支持最基本的键值对形式存储，用法总结如表5-6所示。</p>
                <p>表5-6 键值对形式存储</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>set(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>给数据库中键为<code>name</code>的<code>string</code>赋予值<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>: 键名；<code>value</code>: 值</p>
                <p><code>redis.set(&#39;name&#39;, &#39;Bob&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>给<code>name</code>这个键的<code>value</code>赋值为<code>Bob</code></p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>get(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回数据库中键为<code>name</code>的<code>string</code>的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.get(&#39;name&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回<code>name</code>这个键的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>b&#39;Bob&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>getset(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>给数据库中键为<code>name</code>的<code>string</code>赋予值<code>value</code>并返回上次的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>value</code>：新值</p>
                <p><code>redis.getset(&#39;name&#39;, &#39;Mike&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>赋值<code>name</code>为<code>Mike</code>并得到上次的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>b&#39;Bob&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>mget(keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>返回多个键对应的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键的列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.mget([&#39;name&#39;, &#39;nickname&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>返回<code>name</code>和<code>nickname</code>的<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;Mike&#39;, b&#39;Miker&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>setnx(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>如果不存在这个键值对，则更新<code>value</code>，否则不变</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.setnx(&#39;newname&#39;, &#39;James&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>如果<code>newname</code>这个键不存在，则设置值为<code>James</code></p>
                <p>第一次运行结果是<code>True</code>，第二次运行结果是<code>False</code></p>
                <p><code>setex(name, time, value)</code></p>
                <p>设置可以对应的值为<code>string</code>类型的<code>value</code>，并指定此键值对应的有效期</p>
                <p><code>name</code>: 键名；<code>time</code>: 有效期； <code>value</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.setex(&#39;name&#39;, 1, &#39;James&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>将<code>name</code>这个键的值设为<code>James</code>，有效期为1秒</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>setrange(name, offset, value)</code></p>
                <p>设置指定键的<code>value</code>值的子字符串</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>offset</code>：偏移量；<code>value</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.set(&#39;name&#39;, &#39;Hello&#39;) redis.setrange(&#39;name&#39;, 6, &#39;World&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>设置<code>name</code>为<code>Hello</code>字符串，并在<code>index</code>为6的位置补<code>World</code></p>
                <p>11，修改后的字符串长度</p>
                <p><code>mset(mapping)</code></p>
                <p>批量赋值</p>
                <p><code>mapping</code>：字典</p>
                <p><code>redis.mset({&#39;name1&#39;: &#39;Durant&#39;, &#39;name2&#39;: &#39;James&#39;})</code></p>
                <p>将<code>name1</code>设为<code>Durant</code>，<code>name2</code>设为<code>James</code></p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>msetnx(mapping)</code></p>
                <p>键均不存在时才批量赋值</p>
                <p><code>mapping</code>：字典</p>
                <p><code>redis.msetnx({&#39;name3&#39;: &#39;Smith&#39;, &#39;name4&#39;: &#39;Curry&#39;})</code></p>
                <p>在<code>name3</code>和<code>name4</code>均不存在的情况下才设置二者值</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>incr(name, amount=1)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>name</code>的<code>value</code>增值操作，默认为1，键不存在则被创建并设为<code>amount</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>amount</code>：增长的值</p>
                <p><code>redis.incr(&#39;age&#39;, 1)</code></p>
                <p><code>age</code>对应的值增1，若不存在，则会创建并设置为1</p>
                <p>1，即修改后的值</p>
                <p><code>decr(name, amount=1)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>name</code>的<code>value</code>减值操作，默认为1，键不存在则被创建并将<code>value</code>设置为<code>\-amount</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名； <code>amount</code>：减少的值</p>
                <p><code>redis.decr(&#39;age&#39;, 1)</code></p>
                <p><code>age</code>对应的值减1，若不存在，则会创建并设置为-1</p>
                <p>-1，即修改后的值</p>
                <p><code>append(key, value)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>name</code>的<code>string</code>的值附加<code>value</code></p>
                <p><code>key</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.append(&#39;nickname&#39;, &#39;OK&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>nickname</code>的值后追加<code>OK</code></p>
                <p>13，即修改后的字符串长度</p>
                <p><code>substr(name, start, end=-1)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的<code>string</code>的子串</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>start</code>：起始索引；<code>end</code>：终止索引，默认为-1，表示截取到末尾</p>
                <p><code>redis.substr(&#39;name&#39;, 1, 4)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的值的字符串，截取索引为1~4的字符</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;ello&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>getrange(key, start, end)</code></p>
                <p>获取键的<code>value</code>值从<code>start</code>到<code>end</code>的子字符串</p>
                <p><code>key</code>：键名；<code>start</code>：起始索引；<code>end</code>：终止索引</p>
                <p><code>redis.getrange(&#39;name&#39;, 1, 4)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的值的字符串，截取索引为1~4的字符</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;ello&#39;</code></p>
                <h2 id="6-列表操作"><a href="#6-列表操作" class="headerlink" title="6. 列表操作"></a>6. 列表操作</h2>
                <p>Redis还提供了列表存储，列表内的元素可以重复，而且可以从两端存储，用法如表5-7所示。</p>
                <p>表5-7 列表操作</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>rpush(name, *values)</code></p>
                <p>在键为<code>name</code>的列表末尾添加值为<code>value</code>的元素，可以传多个</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>values</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.rpush(&#39;list&#39;, 1, 2, 3)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>list</code>的列表尾添加1、2、3</p>
                <p>3，列表大小</p>
                <p><code>lpush(name, *values)</code></p>
                <p>在键为<code>name</code>的列表头添加值为<code>value</code>的元素，可以传多个</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>values</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.lpush(&#39;list&#39;, 0)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>list</code>的列表头部添加0</p>
                <p>4，列表大小</p>
                <p><code>llen(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的列表的长度</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.llen(&#39;list&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>list</code>的列表的长度</p>
                <p>4</p>
                <p><code>lrange(name, start, end)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的列表中<code>start</code>至<code>end</code>之间的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>start</code>：起始索引；<code>end</code>：终止索引</p>
                <p><code>redis.lrange(&#39;list&#39;, 1, 3)</code></p>
                <p>返回起始索引为1终止索引为3的索引范围对应的列表</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;3&#39;, b&#39;2&#39;, b&#39;1&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>ltrim(name, start, end)</code></p>
                <p>截取键为<code>name</code>的列表，保留索引为<code>start</code>到<code>end</code>的内容</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>start</code>：起始索引；<code>end</code>：终止索引</p>
                <p><code>ltrim(&#39;list&#39;, 1, 3)</code></p>
                <p>保留键为<code>list</code>的索引为1到3的元素</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>lindex(name, index)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的列表中<code>index</code>位置的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>index</code>：索引</p>
                <p><code>redis.lindex(&#39;list&#39;, 1)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>list</code>的列表索引为1的元素</p>
                <p>b’2’</p>
                <p><code>lset(name, index, value)</code></p>
                <p>给键为<code>name</code>的列表中<code>index</code>位置的元素赋值，越界则报错</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>index</code>：索引位置；<code>value</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.lset(&#39;list&#39;, 1, 5)</code></p>
                <p>将键为<code>list</code>的列表中索引为1的位置赋值为5</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>lrem(name, count, value)</code></p>
                <p>删除<code>count</code>个键的列表中值为<code>value</code>的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>count</code>：删除个数；<code>value</code>：值</p>
                <p><code>redis.lrem(&#39;list&#39;, 2, 3)</code></p>
                <p>将键为<code>list</code>的列表删除两个3</p>
                <p>1，即删除的个数</p>
                <p><code>lpop(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除键为<code>name</code>的列表中的首元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.lpop(&#39;list&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除名为<code>list</code>的列表中的第一个元素</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;5&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>rpop(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除键为<code>name</code>的列表中的尾元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.rpop(&#39;list&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除名为<code>list</code>的列表中的最后一个元素</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;2&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>blpop(keys, timeout=0)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除名称在<code>keys</code>中的<code>list</code>中的首个元素，如果列表为空，则会一直阻塞等待</p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键列表；<code>timeout</code>： 超时等待时间，0为一直等待</p>
                <p><code>redis.blpop(&#39;list&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除键为<code>list</code>的列表中的第一个元素</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;5&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>brpop(keys, timeout=0)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除键为<code>name</code>的列表中的尾元素，如果<code>list</code>为空，则会一直阻塞等待</p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键列表；<code>timeout</code>：超时等待时间，0为一直等待</p>
                <p><code>redis.brpop(&#39;list&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除名为<code>list</code>的列表中的最后一个元素</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;2&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>rpoplpush(src, dst)</code></p>
                <p>返回并删除名称为<code>src</code>的列表的尾元素，并将该元素添加到名称为<code>dst</code>的列表头部</p>
                <p><code>src</code>：源列表的键；<code>dst</code>：目标列表的key</p>
                <p><code>redis.rpoplpush(&#39;list&#39;, &#39;list2&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>将键为<code>list</code>的列表尾元素删除并将其添加到键为<code>list2</code>的列表头部，然后返回</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;2&#39;</code></p>
                <h2 id="7-集合操作"><a href="#7-集合操作" class="headerlink" title="7. 集合操作"></a>7. 集合操作</h2>
                <p>Redis还提供了集合存储，集合中的元素都是不重复的，用法如表5-8所示。</p>
                <p>表5-8 集合操作</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>sadd(name, *values)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>name</code>的集合中添加元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>values</code>：值，可为多个</p>
                <p><code>redis.sadd(&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;Book&#39;, &#39;Tea&#39;, &#39;Coffee&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>tags</code>的集合中添加<code>Book</code>、<code>Tea</code>和<code>Coffee</code>这3个内容</p>
                <p>3，即插入的数据个数</p>
                <p><code>srem(name, *values)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>name</code>的集合中删除元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>values</code>：值，可为多个</p>
                <p><code>redis.srem(&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;Book&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>tags</code>的集合中删除<code>Book</code></p>
                <p>1，即删除的数据个数</p>
                <p><code>spop(name)</code></p>
                <p>随机返回并删除键为<code>name</code>的集合中的一个元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.spop(&#39;tags&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>tags</code>的集合中随机删除并返回该元素</p>
                <p><code>b&#39;Tea&#39;</code></p>
                <p><code>smove(src, dst, value)</code></p>
                <p>从<code>src</code>对应的集合中移除元素并将其添加到<code>dst</code>对应的集合中</p>
                <p><code>src</code>：源集合；<code>dst</code>：目标集合；<code>value</code>：元素值</p>
                <p><code>redis.smove(&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;, &#39;Coffee&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>tags</code>的集合中删除元素<code>Coffee</code>并将其添加到键为<code>tags2</code>的集合</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>scard(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的集合的元素个数</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.scard(&#39;tags&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>获取键为<code>tags</code>的集合中的元素个数</p>
                <p>3</p>
                <p><code>sismember(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>测试<code>member</code>是否是键为<code>name</code>的集合的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键值</p>
                <p><code>redis.sismember(&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;Book&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>判断<code>Book</code>是否是键为<code>tags</code>的集合元素</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>sinter(keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>返回所有给定键的集合的交集</p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sinter([&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>tags</code>的集合和键为<code>tags2</code>的集合的交集</p>
                <p><code>{b&#39;Coffee&#39;}</code></p>
                <p><code>sinterstore(dest, keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>求交集并将交集保存到<code>dest</code>的集合</p>
                <p><code>dest</code>：结果集合；<code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sinterstore(&#39;inttag&#39;, [&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>求键为<code>tags</code>的集合和键为<code>tags2</code>的集合的交集并将其保存为<code>inttag</code></p>
                <p>1</p>
                <p><code>sunion(keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>返回所有给定键的集合的并集</p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sunion([&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>tags</code>的集合和键为<code>tags2</code>的集合的并集</p>
                <p><code>{b&#39;Coffee&#39;, b&#39;Book&#39;, b&#39;Pen&#39;}</code></p>
                <p><code>sunionstore(dest, keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>求并集并将并集保存到<code>dest</code>的集合</p>
                <p><code>dest</code>：结果集合；<code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sunionstore(&#39;inttag&#39;, [&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>求键为<code>tags</code>的集合和键为<code>tags2</code>的集合的并集并将其保存为<code>inttag</code></p>
                <p>3</p>
                <p><code>sdiff(keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>返回所有给定键的集合的差集</p>
                <p><code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sdiff([&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>tags</code>的集合和键为<code>tags2</code>的集合的差集</p>
                <p><code>{b&#39;Book&#39;, b&#39;Pen&#39;}</code></p>
                <p><code>sdiffstore(dest, keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>求差集并将差集保存到<code>dest</code>集合</p>
                <p><code>dest</code>：结果集合；<code>keys</code>：键列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.sdiffstore(&#39;inttag&#39;, [&#39;tags&#39;, &#39;tags2&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>求键为tags<code>的集合和键为</code>tags2<code>的集合的差集并将其保存为</code>inttag`</p>
                <p>3</p>
                <p><code>smembers(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的集合的所有元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.smembers(&#39;tags&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>tags</code>的集合的所有元素</p>
                <p><code>{b&#39;Pen&#39;, b&#39;Book&#39;, b&#39;Coffee&#39;}</code></p>
                <p><code>srandmember(name)</code></p>
                <p>随机返回键为<code>name</code>的集合中的一个元素，但不删除元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键值</p>
                <p><code>redis.srandmember(&#39;tags&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>随机返回键为<code>tags</code>的集合中的一个元素</p>
                <h2 id="8-有序集合操作"><a href="#8-有序集合操作" class="headerlink" title="8. 有序集合操作"></a>8. 有序集合操作</h2>
                <p>有序集合比集合多了一个分数字段，利用它可以对集合中的数据进行排序，其用法总结如表5-9所示。</p>
                <p>表5-9 有序集合操作</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>zadd(name, *args, **kwargs)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>name</code>的zset中添加元素member，score用于排序。如果该元素存在，则更新其顺序</p>
                <p><code>name</code>： 键名；<code>args</code>：可变参数</p>
                <p><code>redis.zadd(&#39;grade&#39;, 100, &#39;Bob&#39;, 98, &#39;Mike&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>grade</code>的zset中添加<code>Bob</code>（其<code>score</code>为100），并添加<code>Mike</code>（其<code>score</code>为98）</p>
                <p>2，即添加的元素个数</p>
                <p><code>zrem(name, *values)</code></p>
                <p>删除键为<code>name</code>的zset中的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>values</code>：元素</p>
                <p><code>redis.zrem(&#39;grade&#39;, &#39;Mike&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>grade</code>的zset中删除<code>Mike</code></p>
                <p>1，即删除的元素个数</p>
                <p><code>zincrby(name, value, amount=1)</code></p>
                <p>如果在键为<code>name</code>的zset中已经存在元素<code>value</code>，则将该元素的<code>score</code>增加<code>amount</code>；否则向该集合中添加该元素，其<code>score</code>的值为<code>amount</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：key名；<code>value</code>：元素；<code>amount</code>：增长的<code>score</code>值</p>
                <p><code>redis.zincrby(&#39;grade&#39;, &#39;Bob&#39;, -2)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>grade</code>的zset中<code>Bob</code>的<code>score</code>减2</p>
                <p>98.0，即修改后的值</p>
                <p><code>zrank(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset中元素的排名，按<code>score</code>从小到大排序，即名次</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>value</code>：元素值</p>
                <p><code>redis.zrank(&#39;grade&#39;, &#39;Amy&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>得到键为<code>grade</code>的zset中<code>Amy</code>的排名</p>
                <p>1</p>
                <p><code>zrevrank(name, value)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset中元素的倒数排名（按<code>score</code>从大到小排序），即名次</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>value</code>：元素值</p>
                <p><code>redis.zrevrank(&#39;grade&#39;, &#39;Amy&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>得到键为<code>grade</code>的zset中<code>Amy</code>的倒数排名</p>
                <p>2</p>
                <p><code>zrevrange(name, start, end, withscores=False)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset（按<code>score</code>从大到小排序）中<code>index</code>从<code>start</code>到<code>end</code>的所有元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键值；<code>start</code>：开始索引；<code>end</code>：结束索引；<code>withscores</code>：是否带<code>score</code></p>
                <p><code>redis.zrevrange(&#39;grade&#39;, 0, 3)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>grade</code>的zset中前四名元素</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;Bob&#39;, b&#39;Mike&#39;, b&#39;Amy&#39;, b&#39;James&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>zrangebyscore(name, min, max, start=None, num=None, withscores=False)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset中<code>score</code>在给定区间的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>min</code>：最低<code>score</code>；<code>max</code>：最高<code>score</code>； <code>start</code>：起始索引；<code>num</code>：个数；<code>withscores</code>：是否带<code>score</code></p>
                <p><code>redis.zrangebyscore(&#39;grade&#39;, 80, 95)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>grade</code>的zset中<code>score</code>在80和95之间的元素</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;Bob&#39;, b&#39;Mike&#39;, b&#39;Amy&#39;, b&#39;James&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>zcount(name, min, max)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset中<code>score</code>在给定区间的数量</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>min</code>：最低<code>score</code>；max：最高<code>score</code></p>
                <p><code>redis.zcount(&#39;grade&#39;, 80, 95)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>grade</code>的zset中<code>score</code>在80到95的元素个数</p>
                <p>2</p>
                <p><code>zcard(name)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的zset的元素个数</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.zcard(&#39;grade&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>获取键为<code>grade</code>的zset中元素的个数</p>
                <p>3</p>
                <p><code>zremrangebyrank(name, min, max)</code></p>
                <p>删除键为<code>name</code>的zset中排名在给定区间的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>min</code>：最低位次；<code>max</code>：最高位次</p>
                <p><code>redis.zremrangebyrank(&#39;grade&#39;, 0, 0)</code></p>
                <p>删除键为<code>grade</code>的zset中排名第一的元素</p>
                <p>1，即删除的元素个数</p>
                <p><code>zremrangebyscore(name, min, max)</code></p>
                <p>删除键为<code>name</code>的zset中<code>score</code>在给定区间的元素</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>min</code>：最低<code>score</code>；<code>max</code>：最高<code>score</code></p>
                <p><code>redis.zremrangebyscore(&#39;grade&#39;, 80, 90)</code></p>
                <p>删除<code>score</code>在80到90之间的元素</p>
                <p>1，即删除的元素个数</p>
                <h2 id="9-散列操作"><a href="#9-散列操作" class="headerlink" title="9. 散列操作"></a>9. 散列操作</h2>
                <p>Redis还提供了散列表的数据结构，我们可以用<code>name</code>指定一个散列表的名称，表内存储了各个键值对，用法总结如表5-10所示。</p>
                <p>表5-10 散列操作</p>
                <p>方法</p>
                <p>作用</p>
                <p>参数说明</p>
                <p>示例</p>
                <p>示例说明</p>
                <p>示例结果</p>
                <p><code>hset(name, key, value)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>name</code>的散列表中添加映射</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>key</code>：映射键名；<code>value</code>：映射键值</p>
                <p><code>hset(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;cake&#39;, 5)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>price</code>的散列表中添加映射关系，<code>cake</code>的值为5</p>
                <p>1，即添加的映射个数</p>
                <p><code>hsetnx(name, key, value)</code></p>
                <p>如果映射键名不存在，则向键为<code>name</code>的散列表中添加映射</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>key</code>：映射键名；<code>value</code>：映射键值</p>
                <p><code>hsetnx(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;book&#39;, 6)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>price</code>的散列表中添加映射关系，<code>book</code>的值为6</p>
                <p>1，即添加的映射个数</p>
                <p><code>hget(name, key)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的散列表中<code>key</code>对应的值</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>key</code>：映射键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hget(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;cake&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>获取键为<code>price</code>的散列表中键名为<code>cake</code>的值</p>
                <p>5</p>
                <p><code>hmget(name, keys, *args)</code></p>
                <p>返回键为<code>name</code>的散列表中各个键对应的值</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>keys</code>：映射键名列表</p>
                <p><code>redis.hmget(&#39;price&#39;, [&#39;apple&#39;, &#39;orange&#39;])</code></p>
                <p>获取键为<code>price</code>的散列表中<code>apple</code>和<code>orange</code>的值</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;3&#39;, b&#39;7&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>hmset(name, mapping)</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>name</code>的散列表中批量添加映射</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>mapping</code>：映射字典</p>
                <p><code>redis.hmset(&#39;price&#39;, {&#39;banana&#39;: 2, &#39;pear&#39;: 6})</code></p>
                <p>向键为<code>price</code>的散列表中批量添加映射</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>hincrby(name, key, amount=1)</code></p>
                <p>将键为<code>name</code>的散列表中映射的值增加<code>amount</code></p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>key</code>：映射键名；<code>amount</code>：增长量</p>
                <p><code>redis.hincrby(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;apple&#39;, 3)</code></p>
                <p><code>key</code>为<code>price</code>的散列表中<code>apple</code>的值增加3</p>
                <p>6，修改后的值</p>
                <p><code>hexists(name, key)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>name</code>的散列表中是否存在键名为键的映射</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>key</code>：映射键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hexists(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;banana&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>键为<code>price</code>的散列表中<code>banana</code>的值是否存在</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>hdel(name, *keys)</code></p>
                <p>在键为<code>name</code>的散列表中，删除键名为键的映射</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名；<code>keys</code>：映射键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hdel(&#39;price&#39;, &#39;banana&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>price</code>的散列表中删除键名为<code>banana</code>的映射</p>
                <p><code>True</code></p>
                <p><code>hlen(name)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>name</code>的散列表中获取映射个数</p>
                <p><code>name</code>： 键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hlen(&#39;price&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>price</code>的散列表中获取映射个数</p>
                <p>6</p>
                <p><code>hkeys(name)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>name</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键名</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hkeys(&#39;price&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>price</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键名</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;cake&#39;, b&#39;book&#39;, b&#39;banana&#39;, b&#39;pear&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>hvals(name)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>name</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键值</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hvals(&#39;price&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>price</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键值</p>
                <p><code>[b&#39;5&#39;, b&#39;6&#39;, b&#39;2&#39;, b&#39;6&#39;]</code></p>
                <p><code>hgetall(name)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>name</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键值对</p>
                <p><code>name</code>：键名</p>
                <p><code>redis.hgetall(&#39;price&#39;)</code></p>
                <p>从键为<code>price</code>的散列表中获取所有映射键值对</p>
                <p><code>{b&#39;cake&#39;: b&#39;5&#39;, b&#39;book&#39;: b&#39;6&#39;, b&#39;orange&#39;: b&#39;7&#39;, b&#39;pear&#39;: b&#39;6&#39;}</code></p>
                <h2 id="10-RedisDump"><a href="#10-RedisDump" class="headerlink" title="10. RedisDump"></a>10. RedisDump</h2>
                <p>RedisDump提供了强大的Redis数据的导入和导出功能，现在就来看下它的具体用法。</p>
                <p>首先，确保已经安装好了RedisDump。</p>
                <p>RedisDump提供了两个可执行命令：<code>redis-dump</code>用于导出数据，<code>redis-load</code>用于导入数据。</p>
                <h5 id="redis-dump"><a href="#redis-dump" class="headerlink" title="redis-dump"></a><code>redis-dump</code></h5>
                <p>首先，可以输入如下命令查看所有可选项：</p>
                <figure class="highlight ebnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">redis-dump -h</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>运行结果如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight pgsql">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Usage</span>: redis-dump [<span class="keyword">global</span> <span class="keyword">options</span>] COMMAND [command <span class="keyword">options</span>] </span><br><span class="line">    -u, <span class="comment">--uri=S                      Redis URI (e.g. redis://hostname[:port])</span></span><br><span class="line">    -d, <span class="comment">--database=S                 Redis database (e.g. -d 15)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -s, <span class="comment">--sleep=S                    Sleep for S seconds after dumping (for debugging)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -c, <span class="comment">--count=S                    Chunk size (default: 10000)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -f, <span class="comment">--filter=S                   Filter selected keys (passed directly to redis' KEYS command)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -O, <span class="comment">--without_optimizations      Disable run time optimizations</span></span><br><span class="line">    -V, <span class="comment">--version                    Display version</span></span><br><span class="line">    -D, <span class="comment">--debug</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">--nosafe</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>其中<code>\-u</code>代表Redis连接字符串，<code>\-d</code>代表数据库代号，<code>\-s</code>代表导出之后的休眠时间，<code>\-c</code>代表分块大小，默认是10000，<code>\-f</code>代表导出时的过滤器，<code>\-O</code>代表禁用运行时优化，<code>\-V</code>用于显示版本，<code>\-D</code>表示开启调试。</p>
                <p>我们拿本地的Redis做测试，运行在6379端口上，密码为foobared，导出命令如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-dump -u :<span class="symbol">foobared@</span>localhost:<span class="number">6379</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>如果没有密码的话，可以不加密码前缀，命令如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-dump -u localhost:<span class="number">6379</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>运行之后，可以将本地0至15号数据库的所有数据输出出来，例如：</p>
                <figure class="highlight json">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"James"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">5</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name2"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"Durant"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">6</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name3"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"Durant"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">6</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name4"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"HelloWorld"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">10</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name5"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"James"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">5</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"name6"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"James"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">5</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"age"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"1"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">1</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"db"</span>:<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="attr">"key"</span>:<span class="string">"age2"</span>,<span class="attr">"ttl"</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>,<span class="attr">"type"</span>:<span class="string">"string"</span>,<span class="attr">"value"</span>:<span class="string">"-5"</span>,<span class="attr">"size"</span>:<span class="number">2</span>&#125;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>每条数据都包含6个字段，其中<code>db</code>即数据库代号，<code>key</code>即键名，<code>ttl</code>即该键值对的有效时间，<code>type</code>即键值类型，<code>value</code>即内容，<code>size</code>即占用空间。</p>
                <p>如果想要将其输出为JSON行文件，可以使用如下命令：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-dump -u :<span class="symbol">foobared@</span>localhost:<span class="number">6379</span> &gt; ./redis_data.jl</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这样就可以成功将Redis的所有数据库的所有数据导出成JSON行文件了。</p>
                <p>另外，可以使用<code>\-d</code>参数指定某个数据库的导出，例如只导出1号数据库的内容：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-dump -u :<span class="symbol">foobared@</span>localhost:<span class="number">6379</span> -d <span class="number">1</span> &gt; ./redis.data.jl</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>如果只想导出特定的内容，比如想导出以<code>adsl</code>开头的数据，可以加入<code>\-f</code>参数用来过滤，命令如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight groovy">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-dump -<span class="string">u :</span>foobared<span class="meta">@localhost</span>:<span class="number">6379</span> -f <span class="string">adsl:</span>* &gt; ./redis.data.jl</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>其中<code>\-f</code>参数即Redis的<code>keys</code>命令的参数，可以写一些过滤规则。</p>
                <h5 id="redis-load"><a href="#redis-load" class="headerlink" title="redis-load"></a><code>redis-load</code></h5>
                <p>同样，我们可以首先输入如下命令查看所有可选项：</p>
                <figure class="highlight ebnf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">redis-load -h</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>运行结果如下：</p>
                <figure class="highlight livecodeserver">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">redis-<span class="built_in">load</span> <span class="comment">--help</span></span><br><span class="line">  Try: redis-<span class="built_in">load</span> [<span class="built_in">global</span> options] COMMAND [<span class="keyword">command</span> <span class="title">options</span>] </span><br><span class="line">    -u, <span class="comment">--uri=S                      Redis URI (e.g. redis://hostname[:port])</span></span><br><span class="line">    -d, <span class="comment">--database=S                 Redis database (e.g. -d 15)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -s, <span class="comment">--sleep=S                    Sleep for S seconds after dumping (for debugging)</span></span><br><span class="line">    -n, <span class="comment">--no_check_utf8</span></span><br><span class="line">    -V, <span class="comment">--version                    Display version</span></span><br><span class="line">    -D, <span class="comment">--debug</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">--nosafe</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>其中<code>\-u</code>代表Redis连接字符串，<code>\-d</code>代表数据库代号，默认是全部，<code>\-s</code>代表导出之后的休眠时间，<code>\-n</code>代表不检测UTF-8编码，<code>\-V</code>表示显示版本，<code>\-D</code>表示开启调试。</p>
                <p>我们可以将JSON行文件导入到Redis数据库中：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt; redis_data.json redis-load -u :<span class="symbol">foobared@</span>localhost:<span class="number">6379</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这样就可以成功将JSON行文件导入到数据库中了。</p>
                <p>另外，下面的命令同样可以达到同样的效果：</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">cat redis_data.json | redis-load -u :<span class="symbol">foobared@</span>localhost:<span class="number">6379</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>本节中，我们不仅了解了RedisPy对Redis数据库的一些基本操作，还演示了RedisDump对数据的导入导出操作。由于其便捷性和高效性，后面我们会利用Redis实现很多架构，如维护代理池、Cookies池、ADSL拨号代理池、Scrapy-Redis分布式架构等，所以Redis的操作需要好好掌握。</p>
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